Cómo citar
Goda, T. (2017). Una revisión comparativa del papel de la desigualdad de ingresos en las teorías de la crisis económica y su contribución a la crisis financiera de 2007-2009. Revista Finanzas Y Política Económica, 9(1), 151–174. https://doi.org/10.14718/revfinanzpolitecon.2017.9.1.9
Licencia

Esta revista está autorizada por una licencia de atribución Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International. Para las licencias CC, el principio es el de la libertad creativa. Este sistema complementa el derecho de autor sin oponerse a este, conscientes de su importancia en nuestra cultura. El contenido de los artículos es responsabilidad de cada autor y no compromete, de ninguna manera, a la revista o a la institución. Se permite la divulgación y reproducción de títulos, resúmenes y contenido total, con fines académicos, científicos, culturales, siempre y cuando, se cite la respectiva fuente. Esta obra no puede ser utilizada con fines comerciales.

Licencia de Creative Commons

La revista no cobra a los autores por la presentación o la publicación de sus artículos

Resumen

Es ampliamente aceptado que la desigualdad en los países desarrollados ha aumentado considerablemente en los años recientes, pero hasta el momento no hay consenso sobre la importancia de la desigualdad en la crisis financiera de 2007-2009. El objetivo de este artículo es esbozar y contrastar los funda- mentos teóricos de las teorías de crisis marxista, poskeynesiana y convencional, y comparar sus puntos de vista sobre el papel que desempeñó la desigualdad de ingresos en la crisis. Los resultados de esta revisión sugieren que, a pesar de importantes diferencias en sus conceptos teóricos, varios economistas de las tres corrientes ofrecen una explicación similar de por qué la desigualdad de ingresos fue un factor importante que contribuyó a la crisis financiera.

Palabras clave:

Citas

Acharya, V., & Richardson, M. (2009). Restoring Financial Stability: How to Repair a Failed System. Hoboken: Wiley.

Aglietta, M. (1979). A Theory of Capitalist Regulation. London: New Left Books.

Akerlof, G. A. (1970). The market for lemons: quality uncertainty and the market mechanism. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 84(3): 488-500.

Akerlof, G. A. (2002). Behavioral macroeconomics and macroeconomic behaviour. American Economic Review, 92(3): 411-433.

Akerlof, G. A., & Shiller, R. J. (2009). Animal Spirits: How human psychology drives the economy, and why it matters for global capitalism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Allen, F., & Gale, D. (2007). Understanding Financial Crises. New York: Oxford University Press.

Arestis, P (1996). Post-Keynesian economics: towards coherence. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 20(1): 111-135.

Arestis, P., & Glickman, M. (2002). Financial crisis in Southeast-Asia: dispelling illusion the Minskyan way. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 26(2): 237-260.

Ashcraft, A. B., & Schuermann, T (2008). Understanding the securitization of subprime mortgage credit. FR Bank Staff Report, No. 318. New York: Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Retrieved from: https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/staff_reports/sr318.pdf.

Atkinson, A. B. (1997). Bringing income distribution in from the cold. The Economic Journal, J07(441): 297-321.

Baran, IP, & Sweezy, IP M. (1966). Monopoly Capital. New York: Monthly Review Press.

Barba, A., & Pivetti, M. (2009). Rising household debt: Its causes and macroeconomic implications-a long-period analysis. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 33(1): 113-137.

Bell, P, & Cleaver, H. (2002). Marx's theory of crisis as a theory of class struggle. The Commoner, 5: 1-61 (first published in Research in Political Economy, 5 (1982)).

Bhaduri, A. (2011). A contribution to the theory of financial fragility and crisis. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 35(6): 995-1014.

Bhaduri, A., & Marglin, S. (1990). Unemployment and the real wage: the economic basis for contesting political ideologies. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 14(4): 375-393.

Bhaduri, A., Laski, K., & Riese, M. (2006). A model of interaction between the virtual and the real economy. Metroeconomica, 57(3): 412-427.

Boyer, R. (2000). Is a finance-led growth regime a viable alternative to Fordism? A preliminary analysis'. Economy and Society, 29(1): 111-145.

Boyer, R. (2012). The Present Crisis. A Trump for a Renewed Political Economy. Review of Political Economy, 25(1): 1-38.

Boyer, R., & Saillard, Y. (2002). Régulation Theory. The State of the Art. London/New York: Routledge .

Brenner, R. (2009). What is good for Goldman Sachs is good for America; the origins of the current crisis. Retrieved from http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/issr/cstch/papers/BrennerCrisisTodayOctober2009.pdf.

Brenner, R., & Glick, M. (1991). The regulation approach: theory and history. New Left Review, 188: 45-119.

Brummer, A. (2009). The Crunch: How Greed and Incompetence Sparked the Credit Crisis. London: Random House Business Books.

Choonara, J. (2009, June 24). Marxist accounts of the current crisis. International Socialism, 123. Retrieved from http://isj.org.uk/marxist-accounts-of-the-current-crisis/.

Clarke, S. (1994). Marx's Theory of Crisis. Basingstoke: Macmillan Press.

Crotty, J. R. (1980). Post-Keynesian Economic Theory: An Overview and Evaluation. American Economic Review, 70(2): 20-25.

Crotty, J. R. (1985). The Centrality of Money, Credit and Financial Intermediation in Marx's Crisis Theory. In S. Resnick & R. Wolff (Eds.), Rethinking Marxism: Essays in Honor of Harry Magdoff and Paul Sweezy (pp. 45-82). New York: Autonomedia.

Crotty, J. R. (2012). The great austerity war: what caused the US deficit crisis and who should pay to fix it? Cambridge Journal of Economics, 36(1): 79-104.

Davidson, P (2003-2004). Setting the record straight on "A history of Post Keynesian economics." Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 26(2): 245-272.

Davies, H. (2010). Global Financial Regulation after the Credit Crisis. Global Policy, 1 (2): 185-190.

Diamond, D. W., & Dybvig, P H. (1983). Bank Runs, Deposit Insurance, and Liquidity. Journal of Political Economy, 91(3): 401-419.

Dobb, M. (1937). Political economy and capitalism. London: Routledge.

Dornbusch, R. (2001). A primer on emerging market crisis. NBER Working Paper No. 8326.

Duménil, G., & Lévy, D. (2012). The Crisis of the Early 21st Century: Marxian perspectives. In R. Bellofiore & G. Vertova (Eds.), The Great Recession and the contradictions of contemporary capitalism (pp. 26-49). Aldershot: Edward Elgar.

Dutt, A. K. (1984). Stagnation, income distribution and monopoly power. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 8(1): 25-40.

Dutt, A. K. (2006). Maturity, stagnation and consumer debt: a Steindlian approach. Metroeconomica, 57(3): 339-364.

Dutt, A. K. (2012). Growth, distribution and crises. In H. Herr, T. Niechoj, C. Thomasberger, A. Truger & T van Treeck (Eds.), From crisis to growth? The challenge of debt and imbalances (pp. 33-59). Marburg: Metropolis Verlag.

Dymski, G. (2010). Why the subprime crisis is different: A Minskyian approach. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 34(2): 239-255.

Dymski, G. (2011). Keynesian Approaches to financial crisis. In E. Hein & E. Stockhammer (Eds.), A modern guide to Keynesian macroeconomic and economic policies (pp. 325-352). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.

Engels, F. (1975). Anti-Dühring: Herr EugenDühring's Revolution in Science. London: Lawrence & Wishart.

Evans, T (2004). Marxian and post-Keynesian theories of finance and the business cycle. Capital & Class, 28(2): 47-100.

Evans, T (2010). Five explanations for the international financial crisis. IPE Working Paper No. 08/2010.

Fama, E. F. (1970). Efficient Capital Markets: a review and empirical work. Journal of Finance, 25(2): 383-417.

Fama, E. F. (1991). Efficient Capital Markets: II. Journal of Finance, 46(5): 1575-1617.

Ferrari-Filho, F., & Camargo Conceicao, O. A. (2005). The concept of uncertainty in Post Keynesian theory and in institutional economics. Journal of Economic Issues, 39(3): 579-594.

Foster, J. B., & Magdoff, F. (2008). Financial Implosion and Stagnation. Monthly Review, 60(7). Retrieved from http://monthlyreview.org/2008/12/01/financial-implosion-and-stagnation/.

Foster, J. B., & Magdoff, F. (2009). The great financial crisis: causes and consequences. New York: Monthly Review Press.

Freeman, A. (2010). Marxism without Marx: a note towards a critique. Capital and Class, 34(1): 84-97.

Friedman, M. (1953). Essays in Positive Economics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Glyn, A., & Sutcliffe, B. (1972). British capitalism, workers and the profit squeeze. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Goda, T (2016). Global trends in relative and absolute income inequality. Ecos de Economía: A Latin American Journal of Applied Economics, 20(42): 46-69.

Goodwin, R. M. (1967). A Growth Cycle. In C. H. Feinstein (Ed.), Socialism, Capitalism and Economic Growth (pp. 54-58). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Grabel, I. (1995). Speculation-led economic development: a post-Keynesian interpretation of financial liberalization programmes in the Third World. International Review of Applied Economics, 9(2): 127-149.

Harman, Ch. (2009). Zombie Capitalism: Global crisis and the relevance of Marx. London: Bookmarks Publications.

Harvey, D. (2010a). The enigma of capital: and the crises of capitalism. London: Profile Books.

Harvey, J. T (2010b). Modelling financial crisis: a schematic approach. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 33(1): 61-82.

Hayek, F. A. (1982). Law, Legislation and Liberty: A new statement of the liberal principle of justice and political economy. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Hein, E. (2011). Distribution, 'Financialisatiorí and the Financial and Economic Crisis Implications for Post-crisis Economic Policies. MPRA Working Paper No. 31180.

Hein, E. (2012). Finance-dominated capitalism, re-distribution, household debt and financial fragility in a Kaleckian distribution and growth model. PSL Quarterly Review, 65(260): 11-51.

Hein, E., & Stockhammer, E. (2011). A post-Keynesian macroeconomic model of inflation, distribution and employment. In E. Hein & E. Stockhammer (Eds.), A modern guide to Keynesian macroeconomic and economic policies (pp. 112-136). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

Hein, E., & Truger, A. (2012-2013). Finance-dominated capitalism in crisis—the case for a global Keynesian New Deal. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 35(2): 187-214.

Hein, E., & van Treeck, T (2010). 'Financialisation' in Post-Keynesian models of distribution and growth—a systematic review. In M. Setterfield (Ed.), Handbook of Alternative Theories of Economic Growth (pp. 277-292). Cheltenham: Edward Elger.

Hein, E., Dodig, N., & Budyldina, N. (2014). Financial, economic and social systems: French Regulation School, Social Structures of Accumulation and Post-Keynesian approaches compared. IIPE Working Paper No. 34/2014.

Hilferding, R. (1910). Das Finanzkapital. Eine Studie über die jüngste Entwicklung des Kapitalismus. Vienna: Wiener Volksbuchhandlung.

Hobson, J. A. (1909). The Industrial System: An inquiry into earned and unearned income. London: Longmans, Green and Co.

IMF. (2008). Global Financial Stability Report: Containing Systemic Risks and Restoring Financial Soundness. Washington D.C.: International Monetary Fund.

Jespersen, J. (2009). Macroeconomic Methodology: A Post-Keynesian Perspective. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.

Jessop, B. (1997). Capitalism and its future: remarks on regulation, government, and governance. Review of International Political Economy, 4(3): 435-455.

Jessop, B. (2001). Regulation Theory and the Crisis of Capitalism. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An Analysis of Decision Under Risk. Econometrica, 47(2): 263-91.

Kaboub, F., Todorova, Z., & Fernández, L. (2010). Inequality-led financial instability: A Minskian structural analysis of the subprime crisis. International Journal of Political Economy, 39(1): 3-27.

Kalecki, M. (1971). Selected Essays on the Dynamics of the Capitalist Economy. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.

Kautsky, K. (1901-02). Krisentheorien. Die Neue Zeit, 20(2): 37-143.

Kenway, P (1980). Marx, Keynes and the possibility of crisis. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 4(1): 23-36.

Kerr, P (2005). Review Article: A history of post-Keynesian economics. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 29(3): 457-496.

Keynes, J. M. (1936). The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. London: Macmillan (1960 reprint).

Keynes, J. M. (1937). The general theory of employment. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 51 (2): 209-223.

Kindleberger, C. P (1978). Manias, Panics and Crashes. New York: Basic Books.

King, J. E. (2002). A History of Post Keynesian Economics Since 1936. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

King, J. E. (2005). Unwarping the record: a reply to Paul Davidson. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 27(3): 377-384.

Kliman, A. (2012). The Failure of Capitalist Production: Underlying Causes of the Great Recession. London: Pluto Press.

Kotz, D. M. (2009). The Financial and Economic Crisis of 2008: A Systemic Crisis of Neoliberal Capitalism. Review of Radical Political Economics, 41 (3): 305-317.

Kregel, J. (2007). The Natural Instability of Financial Markets. Working Paper No. 523. Annandale-on-Hudson, NY: Levy Economics Institute. Retrieved from: http://www.levyinstitute.org/pubs/wp_523.pdf

Krueger, D., & Perri, F. (2006). Does income inequality lead to consumption inequality? Evidence and theory. Review of Economic Studies, 73(1): 163-193.

Krugman, P (1979). A model of balance-of-payments crises. Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 11 (3): 311-325.

Krugman, P (1999). Balance sheets, the transfer problem, and financial crises. International Tax and Public Finance, 6(4): 459-472.

Kumhof, M., & Rancière, R. (2010). Inequality, leverage and crises. IMF Working Paper No. 268.

Kumhof, M., Lebarz, C., Rancière, R., Richter, A. W., & Throckmorton, N. A. (2012). Income Inequality and Current Account Imbalances. IMF Working Paper No. 12/08.

Kumhof, M., Ranciére, R., & Winant, P. (2015). Inequality, Leverage, and Crises. American Economic Review, 105(3):1217-1245.

Lavoie, M. (2005). Changing definitions: a comment on Davidson's critique of King's history of Post Keynesianism. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 27(3): 371-376.

Lavoie, M. (2006). Introduction to Post-Keynesian Economics. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.

Lavoie, M. (2014). Post-Keynesian Economics: New Foundations. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

Lim, M.-H., & Khor H. E. (2011). From Marx to Morgan Stanley: Inequality and Financial Crisis. Development and Change, 42(1): 209-227.

Luxemburg, R. (1913). The accumulation of capital. London: Butler & Tanner.

Major, A. (2012). Neoliberalism and the new international financial architecture. Review of International Political Economy, 19(4), 536-61.

Malthus, T R. (1820). Principles of political economy considered with a view to their practical application. London: John Murray.

Marx, K. (1969). Theories of Surplus Value, part 2. London, Lawrence and Wishart.

Marx, K. (1993). Grundrisse: Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy (Rough Draft). Penguin Books: London.

Mattick, P (1971). Marx and Keynes: the limits of the mixed economy. London: Merlin Press.

Minsky, H. P (1986). Stabilizing an Unstable Economy. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Minsky, H. P (1992). The Financial Instability Hypothesis. Levy Economics Institute Working Paper No. 74.

Morgan, J. (2009). The limits of central bank policy: economic crisis and the challenge of effective solutions. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 33(4): 581-608.

Mummery, A. F., & Hobson, J. A. (1889). The Physiology of Industry: Being an exposure of certain fallacies in existing theories of economics. London: John Murray.

Muñoz, J. (2011). Orthodox versus Heterodox (Minskyan) Perspectives of Financial Crises: Explosion in the 1990s versus Implosion in the 2000s. Levy Economics Institute Working Paper No. 659.

Nesvetailova, A. (2007). Fragile Finance: Debt, Speculation and Crisis in the Age of Global Credit. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan

Obstfeld, M., & Rogoff, K. S. (2009). Global Imbalances and the Financial Crisis: Products of Common Causes. Asia and the Global Financial Crisis. Asia Economic Policy Conference, Santa Barbara, CA, October 18-20, 2009, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. Retrieved from: http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/rogoff/files/global_imbalances_and_financial_crisis_0.pdf.

Onaran, O. (2010a). Global crisis and the policy reaction in Western and Eastern European Union: can policy save capitalism from itself? International Viewpoint. Retrieved from http://internationalviewpoint.org.

Onaran, O. (2010b): The Crisis of Capitalism in Europe, West and East. Monthly Review, 62(5): online.

Onaran, O., & Galanis, G. (2014). Income distribution and growth: a global model. Environment and Planning A, 46(10): 2489-2513.

Onaran, O., Stockhammer, E., & Grafl, L. (2011). Financialisation, income distribution and aggregate demand in the USA. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 35(4): 637-661.

Palley, T I. (1994). Debt, aggregate demand, and the business cycle: An analysis in the spirit of Kaldor and Minsky. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 16(3): 371-390.

Palley, T I. (2002). Economic contradictions coming home to roost? Does the U.S. economy face long-term aggregate demand generation problem? Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 25(1): 9-32.

Palley, T. I. (2007). Financialization: What it is and Why it Matters. PERI Working Paper No. 153.

Palley, T I. (2010a). America's exhausted paradigm: macroeconomic causes of the financial crisis and great recession. New School Economic Review, 4(1): 15-43.

Palley, T. I. (2010b). The limits of Minsky's financial instability hypothesis as an explanation of the crisis. Monthly Review, 61(11). Retrieved from https://monthlyreview.org/2010/04/01/the-limits-of-minskys-financial-instability-hypothesis-as-an-explanation-of-the-crisis/.

Palma, J. G. (2009). The revenge of the market on the rentiers. Why neo-liberal reports of the end of history turned out to be premature. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 33(4): 829-869.

Panitch, L., & Konings, M. (2009). Myths of neoliberal deregulation. New Left Review, 57: 67-83.

Pérez, C. (2009). The double bubble at the turn of the century: technological roots and structural implications. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 33(4): 779-805.

Piketty, T (2014). Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge (MA): Belknap Press.

Potts, N. (2011). Marx and the crisis. Capitol & Class, 35(3): 455-473.

Rajan, R. G. (2010). Fault lines: how hidden fractures still threaten the world economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Reinhart, C., & Rogoff, K. S. (2010). Growth in a Time of Debt. NBER Working Paper No. 15639.

Rohác, D. (2011, May 17). Does inequality matter? London: Adam Smith Institute.

Rosser, J. B. (2003). A Nobel Prize for Asymmetric Information: The economic contributions of George Akerlof, Michael Spence and Joseph Stiglitz. Review of Political Economy, i5(1): 3-21.

Rothschild, M., & Stiglitz, J. E. (1976). Equilibrium in Competitive Insurance Markets: An Essay on the Economics of Imperfect Information. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 90(4): 629-649.

Roubini, N. (2011, October 13). The instability of inequality. Project Syndicate. Retrieved from https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/the-instability-of-inequality?barrier=accessreg.

Rowthorn, R. (1980). Capitalism, Conflict & Inflation. London: Lawrence and Wishart.

Rowthorn, R. (1981). Demand, Real Wages and Economic Growth. London: Thames Polytechnic. Reprinted in Studi Economici (1982), 18: 3-54.

Russo, A. (2012). From the neoliberal crisis to a new path of development. MPRA Working Paper 38004. Economy, 25(3): 496-511.

Setterfield, M. (2010). Real Wages, Aggregate Demand, and the Macroeconomic Travails of the US Economy: Diagnosis and Prognosis. Trinity College Department of Economics Working Paper 10-05.

Setterfield, M. (2011). Anticipations of the crisis: on the similarities between post-Keynesian Economics and Regulation Theory. Revue de la régulation, 10(2).

Shaikh, A. (1978). An introduction to the history of crisis theories. In Union for Radical Political Economics (Ed.), US Capitalism in Crisis (pp. 219-241). New York: U.R.PE.

Shaikh, A. (2011). The first great depression of the 21st century. Socialist Register, 47: 44-63.

Shiller, R. J. (2000). Irrational exuberance. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Shleifer, A. (2000). Inefficient Markets: An Introduction to Behavioral Finance. New York: Oxford University Press.

Sismondi, J. C. L. (1827). Nouveaux principes d'économie politique, ou de la Richesse dans ses rapports avec la population. Paris: Delaunay Libraire.

Stiglitz, J. E. (1992). Capital markets and economic fluctuations in capitalist economies. European Economic Review, 36(2-3): 269-306.

Stiglitz, J. E. (2000). Capital market liberalization, economic growth, and instability. World Development, 28(6): 1075-1086.

Stiglitz, J. E. (2002). Information and the change in the paradigm in economics. American Economic Review, 92(3): 460-501.

Stiglitz, J. E. (2009). The global crisis, social protection and jobs. International Labour Review, 148(1-2): 1-13.

Stiglitz, J. E. (2011). Rethinking macroeconomics: What failed, and how to repair it. Journal of the European Economic Association, 9(4): 591-645.

Stiglitz, J. E. (2012). The price of inequality. Penguin Books: London

Stockhammer, E. (2004). Financialisation and the slowdown of accumulation. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 28(5): 719-741.

Stockhammer, E. (2005-6). Shareholder value orientation and the investment-profit puzzle. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 28(2): 193-215.

Stockhammer, E. (2008). Some stylized facts on the finance-dominated accumulation regime. Competition & Change, 12(2): 184-202.

Stockhammer, E. (2015a). Determinants of the wage share: a panel analysis of advanced and developing economies. British Journal of Industrial Relations. doi:10.1111/bjir.12165.

Stockhammer, E. (2015b). Rising Inequality as a cause of the present crisis. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 39(3): 935-958.

Sweezy, P M. (1942). The theory of capitalist development: principles of Marxian political economy. New York: Oxford University Press.

Taylor, J. B. (2009). Economic Policy and the financial crisis: an empirical analysis of what went wrong. Critical Review, 21 (2-3): 341-364.

Tornell, A., Westermann, F., & Martínez, L. (2004). The positive link between financial liberalization, growth, and crises. NBER Working Paper 10293.

Sau, L. (2013). Instability and Crisis in Financial Complex Systems. Review of Political Tregenna, F. (2009). The fat years: the structure and profitability of the US banking sector in the pre-crisis period. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 33(4): 609-632.

van Treeck, T (2009a). A synthetic, stock-flow consistent macroeconomic model of 'financialisation.' Cambridge Journal of Economics, 33 (3):467-493.

van Treeck, T. (2009b). The macroeconomics of 'financialisation' and the deeper origins of the crisis. IMK Working Paper No. 9/2009.

van Treeck, T. (2014). Did inequality cause the U.S. financial crisis? Journal of Economic Surveys, 28(3): 421-448.

van Treeck, T., & Sturn, S. (2012). Income inequality as a cause of the Great Recession? A survey of current debates. ILO Conditions of Work and Employment Series No. 39.

Vázquez, F., & Federico, P (2015). Bank funding structures and risk: Evidence from the global financial crisis. Journal of Banking & Finance, 61: 1-14.

Vercelli, A. (2011). A Perspective on Minsky Moments: Revisiting the Core of the Financial Instability Hypothesis. Review of Political Economy, 23(1): 49-67.

Wade, R. (2009). From global imbalances to global reorganisations. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 33(4): 539-562.

White, L. J. (2009). The credit rating agencies and the subprime debacle. Critical Review, 21 (2-3): 389-399.

Wray, L. R. (1990). Money and Credit in Capitalist Economies: The Endogenous Money Approach. Adlershot: Edward Elgar.

Wray, L. R. (2008). Lessons from the subprime meltdown. Challenge, 51 (2): 40-68.

Wray, L. R. (2009). The rise and fall of money manager capitalism: a Minskian approach. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 33(4): 807-828.

Citado por

Sistema OJS 3 - Metabiblioteca |