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Peña, V. A., & Gómez Mejía, A. (2019). Efecto de la heurística de anclaje y ajuste y el sesgo de optimismo en los pronósticos del mercado de valores. Revista Finanzas Y Política Económica, 11(2), 389–409. https://doi.org/10.14718/revfinanzpolitecon.2019.11.2.10
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Resumen

La previsión del mercado de valores es un proceso importante y desafiante que influye en las decisiones de inversión. Este artículo presenta un diseño experimental que tiene como objetivo medir la influencia de la heurística de anclaje y ajuste y el sesgo de optimismo en los pronósticos del mercado de valores. El estudio se realizó utilizando información del índice financiero S&P MILA Pacific Alliance Select. Este fue presentado a 670 estudiantes de las ciudades de Concepción (Chile), Cali (Colombia) y Lima (Perú). Los datos fueron recopilados y presentados a través de un instrumento que pedía a los participantes que hicieran un juicio de pronóstico del dicho índice financiero con base en los gráficos presentados, representando un año, un mes, una semana y el último valor de cierre del índice. De esta manera, era posible medir la influencia de la heurística de anclaje y ajuste para establecer si la presencia de un valor inicial afectaba el pronóstico financiero. Además, el estudio buscó determinar si el juicio emitido estaba sesgado hacia una posición optimista o pesimista, demostrando así la presencia de un error o sesgo de expectativa, conocido como sesgo de optimismo. Los resultados se analizaron usando el método de mínimos cuadrados, y el panel de datos confirmó que la heurística de anclaje y ajuste influye en el pronóstico del índice financiero utilizado en el estudio. Del mismo modo, se infirió la presencia de sesgo de optimismo en el proceso cognitivo del pronóstico financiero.

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