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Resumen
Esta investigación examina el impacto de los factores financieros específicos de los bancos en el retorno sobre los activos promedio (ROAA) de los bancos comerciales de Vietnam. Los resultados indican que las actividades fuera de balance (OBS), el margen de interés neto (NIM) y el tamaño del banco (SIZE) influyen de forma positiva en el ROAA. Por otra parte, las OBS representan oportunidades de generación de beneficios, pero dependen de una gestión cuidadosa del riesgo. Un NIM más alto refleja la rentabilidad del diferencial de tasas de interés, mientras que un mayor tamaño de activos permite la diversificación de operaciones y la reducción de riesgos. Por el contrario, el saldo acreedor (CB) tiene un impacto negativo en el ROAA, ya que una mayor exposición crediticia puede conducir a riesgos crediticios y a una rentabilidad reducida. Factores como la relación costo-ingreso (CIR), la morosidad de la cartera de crédito (NPL) y las reservas para préstamos incobrables (LLR) no tienen un efecto significativo en el ROAA. El artículo enfatiza la importancia de la gestión del riesgo crediticio y del riesgo de mercado para asegurar la sostenibilidad y el crecimiento a largo plazo de los bancos comerciales de Vietnam. Las líneas de investigación futura podrían centrarse en explorar más a fondo los factores de gestión y organización, el impacto de la tecnología financiera (fintech) en los resultados financieros y la influencia del comportamiento del cliente en la rentabilidad bancaria. Además, los estudios podrían considerar factores macroeconómicos como las fluctuaciones económicas globales y la política monetaria para comprender mejor el entorno financiero y apoyar a los bancos en el desarrollo de estrategias de crecimiento más sostenibles.
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