Challenges and Opportunities in Rural Electrification: Analyzing the Impact of Off-Grid Renewable Energy Systems and Economic Factors in South Asia

Resumen

Este estudio explora la relación entre la electrificación y el acceso a la energía en ocho países del sur de Asia con pobreza energética (2000–2021), utilizando el enfoque de mínimos cuadrados con variables ficticias (LSDV). Los resultados revelan que, si bien la energía solar  fotovoltaica (ESF) muestra inicialmente un impacto positivo en la electricidad rural, su significancia disminuye al considerar factores específicos del país y año, probablemente debido a condiciones climáticas externas. Esto subraya las complejidades de la implementación de sistemas fuera de la red en áreas remotas. Sin embargo, los métodos IV de Lewbel y mínimos cuadrados en tres etapas (3SLS) demuestran un impacto más fuerte e independiente de la ESF, confirmando su potencial para empoderar a las comunidades rurales. Mientras que el crecimiento económico generalmente impulsa el acceso rural, la efectividad gubernamental muestra inesperadamente una correlación negativa, posiblemente por la priorización urbana o barreras regulatorias. Los análisis de sensibilidad validan estos resultados. Se  concluye que la ESF ofrece soluciones viables, pero el  éxito requiere abordar las disparidades económicas, la gobernanza y los costos de infraestructura.

Palabras clave

electrificación rural

energía solar fotovoltaica

energía renovable fuera de la red

eficacia gubernamental

desafíos de la electrificación

mínimos cuadrados con variables ficticias

inversión en energía renovable

Citas

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